In a significant step towards combating climate change, India has launched the Blue Carbon Project, an initiative focused on restoring coastal ecosystems to enhance natural carbon capture and support the country’s broader climate objectives.
India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement do not specifically mention “blue carbon ecosystems” as a separate target. However, they emphasize increasing forest and tree cover to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent by 2030. While not directly stated, the protection and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes support India’s broader climate goals of mitigation and adaptation. The Ministry has sanctioned a total amount of ₹ 220.43 lakhs to the State of Tamil Nadu for mangrove restoration activities, including those at Pichavaram, during the period from 2017–2018 to 2022–2023, under the “Conservation and Management of Mangroves and Coral Reefs” component of the National Coastal Mission.
A per the information provided by Kirti Vardhan, Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in a written reply in Parliament, Blue Carbon Ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass meadows, and salt marshes, are coastal and marine habitats that naturally capture and store carbon dioxide.
As informed by the Ministry of Jal Shakti, the Namami Gange Programme (National Mission for Clean Ganga – NMCG) is a comprehensive river rejuvenation initiative. While it mainly focuses on sewage treatment, riverfront development, afforestation, wetland and biodiversity conservation, and public awareness, some of which indirectly support blue carbon sequestration. Under this programme, scientific afforestation along the Ganga has been undertaken based on a Detailed Project Report (DPR) by the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun. Since 2016–17, NMCG has funded State Forest Departments of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal for plantations along the river. So far, a total of 33,024 hectares of plantation has been carried out under the programme.
State wise plantation data (Year 2016-17 to 2022-23)
| State | Achievement (Area in ha.) |
| Uttarakhand | 12306 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 9166 |
| Bihar | 8554 |
| Jharkhand | 884 |
| West Bengal | 2115 |
| Total | 33024 |
To promote mangrove conservation, the Union Budget 2023–24 announced the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI). Launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change on 5th June 2023 (World Environment Day), MISHTI aims to enhance mangrove ecosystems for their high carbon storage capacity and role as coastal bio-shields. The initiative is being implemented through convergence with State CAMPA, MGNREGS, and other state schemes, with gap-funding from National CAMPA. The State of Tamil Nadu has not yet submitted a plan to seek funding under MISHTI.
Government of India has notified the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) on 28th June 2023 under Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022. CCTS has two mechanisms namely, compliance mechanism and offset mechanism. The Indian government provides technical assistance to states for developing carbon credit mechanisms through various initiatives and bodies, including the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and the National Steering Committee for the Indian Carbon Market (NSCICM). However, under CCTS no technical assistance have been given to Tamil Nadu or any other states.
The Ministry currently does not have explicit guidelines or a dedicated implementation framework for Blue Carbon projects. However, restoration efforts targeting key Blue Carbon ecosystems—namely mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes—have been undertaken across all coastal States and Union Territories. These initiatives have actively involved local communities, leveraging their Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of restoration outcomes.
